It is also found the coronavirus attacks hemoglobin in the red blood cells through a series of cellular actions, ultimately renders the red blood cells incapable of transporting oxygen, causing so-called ARDS symptoms. Red blood cells are critical oxygen carriers to the various cells in the body. Inside the red blood cells is a molecule called hemoglobin that contains “heme groups.” Each of these “heme groups” is a molecular “ring” known as “porphyrin” that holds an Iron ion or FE ion. It is the FE ions, which helps to transport oxygen in the bloodstream depending on states of oxidation. Typically the red blood cells pick up oxygen from the lungs to transport to other parts of the bodies.
Once inside a human host cell, the virus’s RNA also codes for a number of non-structural proteins that are created during the replication process. These proteins are not part of the virus itself but helps the virus to ‘hijack” other cellular pathways or actions to facilitate its survival in the host. The research discovered that some of these proteins hijack the red blod cells and remove the Iron ions from the “heme groups” and replace themselves with it. This makes the hemoglobin unable to transport oxygen. As a result, the lungs are stressed out and inflamed while the rest of the organs are also being affected. The so-called ARDS and subsequent organ failure could be attributed to this.
It was also suggested by another virologists that perhaps the coronavirus does not produce these proteins in the early stages of infection but will do so as a certain threshold is reached. This could explain the observations made by ER doctors that patients tend to have elevated ferritin. Typically ferritin is used to store excess iron. If a lot of iron is “pushed” out of “heme groups” and circulating around, the body produces more ferritin. Many ER and ICU doctors are now questioning treatment protocols and also questioning the usage of ventilators in certain cases.



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